Usage
I’m a pitch-count agnostic. Over the past five years, you’ve probably skimmed my missives on the subject. We think the number 100 has special properties because we use a base-10 numerical system. It’s likely that we use a base-10 system because our ancestors had ten fingers. If Antonio Alfonseca had been the fellow who populated our modern world, we probably wouldn’t freak out until pitchers approached 144 pitches. And we still wouldn’t know what the magic total that caused pitching injuries for specific players.
Bruce Bochy isn’t bad with pitch-counts, which might surprise some of you. Of the three young arms (Cain, Lincecum, and Sanchez) only one has thrown over 120 pitches (Lincecum, 4/24, 122 pitches). Lincecum also has a start with 119 pitches, and Cain has one with 116, and those are the only other starts above 115 pitches. For the most part, the young pitchers range between 85 and 115 pitches. We really haven’t seen a good ol’-fashioned arm-slagging from Bochy this year (if we’re just looking at raw pitch totals, that is).
Here’s where we start to fidget, though:
Innings 1-3: .233/.306/.335
Innings 4-6: .228/.343/.324
Innings 7-9: .353/.421/.676
Innings 1-3: .250/.324/.372
Innings 4-6: .213/.296/.400
Innings 7-9: .326/.380/.628
Innings 1-3: .190/.269/.297
Innings 4-6: .254/.325/.295
Innings 7-9: .326/.388/.558
My anecdotal perception before seeing these splits: Young pitcher heads into the seventh inning, close to 100 pitches; young pitcher gives up walk/double/homer; young pitcher is removed for a kerosene-micturating reliever, who allows all sorts of inherited runners to score. The numbers kinda sorta back this up. There are small sample sizes with which to contend, of course. Still, if you look up some of the other top pitchers – I pulled Dan Haren, Carlos Zambrano, and Ben Sheets at random – the differences between the beginnings, middles, and ends of games aren't nearly as pronounced.
So what do we have here? Are Bochy and Dave Righetti bad at sensing when a pitcher is tiring? Is this a function of sample size that should be ignored as long as the pitchers aren’t throwing too many pitches?
Stirring questions, all. Lucky for me, I can just throw these things out there and let you do all the work.
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My immediate question is
sample size?
I would expect there to be far less 7-9-inning pitches relative to 1-6-inning pitches. Obviously there’s a trend (hitters have more success as the game goes on), but how much of that data are we going on?
then, correlation vs. causation:
major-league hitters can figure out a pitcher’s stuff as the game goes on, so how much of the offensive improvement in the later innings is their skill vs. how much is the pitcher’s fatigue? It’s obviously some combination, but what’s the ratio?
Billy Hayes: His job is better than yours.
Do they have these stats by pitch count? That might be more interesting.
Matt Cain: He'll save children, but not the Dodger children.
No, no. Don't hold back.
Or maybe you could follow the links I provided and do your own damn research.
by Grant Brisbee on Jun 25, 2008 1:19 PM PDT up reply actions
I was in the middle of typing up a comment based on pitch counts and then yours showed up and I clicked to reply to yours and the one I was typing went away. :(
Matt Cain: He'll save children, but not the Dodger children.
ANYWAY
2008 Matt Cain
76-100: .739
101+: 1.228
career Matt Cain
76-100: .640
101+: .734
2008 Tim Lincecum
76-100: .651
101+: .549
career Tim Lincecum
76-100: .722
101+: .468
clearly, Tim Lincecum should go over 100 pitches more often!!!
Matt Cain: He'll save children, but not the Dodger children.
If you look it actually isn’t as bad as I remember it. The three young pitchers (Lincecum, Cain, Sanchez) have gone over 100 pitches 10/16, 9/16 and 10/16 times respectively. For some reason I figured a greater majority of their starts would have been of the 100+ pitch count variety.
by paboperfecto on Jun 25, 2008 1:27 PM PDT up reply actions
I think there are some major sample size issues here
How many batters has either of them faced when over 100 pitches? I doubt very many at all.
The low pitch count #’s are probably a lot more instructive.
Eugeniooooooo!!!!
by FairweatherFan on Jun 25, 2008 4:46 PM PDT up reply actions
The Boricua Boys
Always thought Jonathan Sanchez felt more comfortable and pitched better with Bengie Molina as his catcher. The numbers seem to back this up.
This does lead one to discover the problem with Zito, we need to let him pitch longer:
Innings 1-3: .326/.401/.465
Innings 4-6: .328/.425/.513
Innings 7-9: .000/.500/.000
Yeah… how many times has Zito gotten to the 7th inning?
by North Side Chicago Expatriate Giants Fan on Jun 25, 2008 1:57 PM PDT up reply actions
Screw letting him pitch longer, just put him in the pen and have him pitch the last 3 innings all the time.
It’s PERFECT!
My Dave Righetti is better than your Dave Righetti.
by howtheyscored on Jun 25, 2008 2:05 PM PDT up reply actions
I'm surprised
In watching him this year it seemed to me that he was okay (most of the time) through the batting order (once or twice), but any longer and the Hitters just have him figured out and sit on this pitches.
Of course, I remember a few times (last outing) where Zito was just clubbed early and often…
http://www.strikeoutsfortroops.org/
by Inside The Coke Bottle on Jun 25, 2008 3:17 PM PDT up reply actions
I think the problem is that he gets to the third time through the lineup by the fourth. Even when he’s “effective” he’s giving up a lot of baserunners, so he goes through the order faster.
I think….
My Dave Righetti is better than your Dave Righetti.
by howtheyscored on Jun 25, 2008 3:37 PM PDT up reply actions
wasn't ....
there some kinda fan post earlier this year about how every pitcher gets worse with increasing pitches. Like, smoothly. Not just 90+-ith pitch worse than earlier, but 25th pitch worse than 24th, etc.
That was when I proposed the “no more than 3 innings per pitcher per day” rotation (i.e, make everyone a long reliever, but some guys pitch innings 1-3.
FIRE BRIAN SABEAN
Grant’s numbers tell us why fatigued pitchers who have been through the lineup three times need to be relieved. Pitchers generally lose velocity and sharpness after throwing so many pitches, and the batters adjust after having seen the pitcher for multiple PA. When the numbers look like those Grant posted, you can see how even a mediocre reliever is going to be more effective. After all, the reliever has a different look and is less fatigued.
The relievers need to go in at the beginning of the inning, though, and not after the starter has been ridden to a one-out, two-men on situation, in which the reliever is prone to a gasoline-on-the-fire outing. Give the reliever a chance to start a clean inning in which one double isn’t going to hurt anyone if the other guys get out (see Tyler Walker yesterday – it’s an example, not a sample size of one, people).
by North Side Chicago Expatriate Giants Fan on Jun 25, 2008 2:02 PM PDT reply actions
I must say, this sounds entirely reasonable.
I don’t believe that a pitch count is a hard line; I’m more for evaluating what’s in the tank based on performance and exertion expended so far.
It's my blarg! Quick Pitch
there was a Hardball times article a few weeks ago (maybe even last week?) that examined pitch f/x data and found that while the speed of pitches did not decrease much, the movement of each pitch, especially fastballs, decreased.
Adopted Giant: Aaron King
Wearing the crown by 2011. Or at least the LOOGY hat
i'm not sure what my point was
Adopted Giant: Aaron King
Wearing the crown by 2011. Or at least the LOOGY hat
Possibly...
That as you progress later in the game, your pitches have less movement on them and thus are more hittable?
"He called the sh** POOP!" -- Adam Sandler
Raw pitch-count numbers aren’t particularly meaningful. They’re just useful in reminding you to keep an eye on a pitcher who may be tiring. But the important thing is to get them out when it looks like they’re tiring. Bochy’s not as oblivious about this as Dusty Baker was, but he’s pretty bad.
Yes
And this is because Bochy is the anti-Felipe when it comes to getting his relievers warming up in the bullpen. He doesn’t do it until the starter is running on fumes, and he has a bad habit of giving his starter the hook a batter or three too late, thus making life tougher for the relievers coming into the game. Not that I wish for the return of a mismanaged bullpen, but it almost seems like the Giants have gone to the other extreme with their manager.
Eagerly awaiting Crazy Crab Bobblehead Night on 7/18.
I can’t believe I am counter pointing in favor of Boulder Skull on this.
But if management does not let young starters throw their way into trouble after the 6th how are they going learn what it they should feel like and have to do to go deeper?
I get your point though and I have grumbled about more then once myself. But this being a rebuilding year I am temporally making peace with it – as long as the pitch count & arm strain on the under 25 guys is light.
" Their still Shitty" - Major Leagues the movie.
I am a Giants fan. Thus I enjoy my pain. Currently enjoying it more then usual.
The thing about your comparison
Those pitchers are the best of the NL AND they are all at least a few years older than our trio. Give the young’ens time to learn and I’d guess their number improve over the later innings.
And before anyone trots out Pitcher Abuse Points and where our guys rank, please don’t. Compared to where the league was just 5 years ago on pitcher usage, it has gotten WAY more conservative. Being near the top now is not nearly as bad as it was in 2003, for example. (I made this similar point in a fanpost awhile back).
by AngelWillSaveUs on Jun 25, 2008 2:30 PM PDT reply actions
Those pitchers are the best of the NL AND they are all at least a few years older than our trio. Give the young’ens time to learn and I’d guess their number improve over the later innings
I don’t doubt that at all. My point was just that innings 7-9 don’t necessarily spell doom for good starters. Until Sancaincecum get the experience, it might be better for the team to have a quick hook.
Or, hell, maybe the late-game poundings teach them how to pitch in the late innings, and the result is that the Giants improve their draft standing. Win/win. I dunno.
by Grant Brisbee on Jun 25, 2008 2:43 PM PDT up reply actions
It is a catch 22
Leave them in during the late innings where they are likely to have less success and possible cost us a game to let them gain experience vs. pull them for relievers that will give us a better chance to win but not give them a chance to learn how to pitch in those innings. I think your last sentence sums up how I feel. If the development of those three plus Alderson and MadBum go as well as everyone hopes, by 2010 we won’t need a bullpen. Roster is 20 position players and 5 pitchers.
by AngelWillSaveUs on Jun 25, 2008 2:56 PM PDT up reply actions
It's Lerning Time! It's time we lerned dem yunguns!
How will our young pitchers ever deal with the pressures of pitching at the end of the game until Bochy lets them stay in there until they do poorly?
That is my same problem with pitch counts, lots of pitchers had long careers throwing a lot of pitches, but if you limit everyone to 100 pitches, then everybody will be like that and the bullpen would become that much more important (or deadly). It is kind of like how this lake in Japan is populated with crabs that look like a face: over the centuries, the fishermen would catch the crabs but return the ones that had a human looking face on the shell, and eventually the lake was populated only with these human-face crabs. It’s self-selection.
That said, I’m OK with some limits on pitchers younger than 25, but one based on our coaches interpretation of how the pitcher is laboring. From the way Bochy has publicly discussed the decision process, it sounds like he tries to take a broad view of the situation, inputing multiple variables into his decision. I’m OK with that.
And that makes more sense to me. 90 pitches at 100 degrees in the shade or 40 degree wind-chill is worse than 120 pitches at a balmy nice 70-80 degrees. Not to say that there aren’t managers and coaches screwing up pitchers in the majors, but ideally adjustments made by experts in the moment has to be better than stop at 100 pitches. You just have to hire better.
In addition, I think the bigger concern that I have not seen addressed anywhere is on total pitches thrown in a season, not a single game. I was pooh-poohed on this at TheBook, but the more I think about it, the more sense it makes. One or ten extra pitches in a game really doesn’t have that huge an effect on a pitcher, it should be more the total pitches thrown in a season.
I did a non-scientific study of this using The Graphical Pitcher book, which probably is why my idea was dismissed. The book presents total pitches thrown in a season plus a line graph of their proprietary measurement of how good the pitcher did that season for each pitcher.
After flipping through the book, it seemed like every time a pitcher went over 3,500 pitches, their pitching would take a big dip in production, either that season or the next season or two. Yeah, broad, but when I went through each pitcher in the book, that is what seems to be an upper bound that affects most pitchers not named Roger Clemens and Randy Johnson. Pitchers would be cruising along in their career, then touch that level and poor results followed.
I’ll admit it could be an age thing too, much like how all the “experts” were predicting that Rueter would be exposed some day and he was, like, 6-7-8 years later. Eventually you will be right.
Still, think about it, doesn’t it seem like total pitches in a season should matter more? But I haven’t seen anything on that in the places I frequent.
Adoptive parental unit of Kevin "Most Spectacular Pitcher" Pucetas.
"I'm a Giant now... I like watching the ball get up there" - Wendell Fairley
"I'm really proud to be on this team." - Nate Schierholtz
by obsessivegiantscompulsive on Jun 25, 2008 3:16 PM PDT reply actions
You're making a couple of (IMO) unsafe assumptions
1. That pitchers need to learn how to throw 100+ pitches. In fact, the data above shows that current Giants pitchers not named Tim Lincecum get ineffective pretty quickly @ ~100 pitches. Why would you want to leave that guy in? That assumes that simply leaving the guy out there will “teach” him to go deep into a game, which I don’t take as given.
B. No, it doesn’t seem to me that total pitches in a season would matter more for long-term pitcher health. It seems to me that the setting or situation would play a major role. Taken out of context, raw pitch-count numbers don’t mean much (as you admit in your 4th graf).
Billy Hayes: His job is better than yours.
I would think
That pitches thrown at any given time are more important
IE, if I go out right now and throw 365 pitches as hard as I can today – I’m going to completely trash my arm. It probably won’t heal for a long time and may never be right again.
But I could easily go throw one pitch a day for the next year with 0 ill effects. Recuperation time is important for any sort of physical activity.
I’m no expert on the body, but I would beleive that throwing 5-10 pitches too many once or twice in a season could be devistating, regardless if overall your pitchcount was low.
Those extra 5-10 pitches that day could easily cause you to tear muscle or otherwise damage your body. The effects may not be immidiatly obvious, but could result in soreness and tenderness that then is further damaged by following starts.
I once ran a 10k. I broke my foot doing it. I was on the last mile and my foot started hurting, bad. I finished anyway (idiot) but I turned out to have a stress fracture.
I only ran 6 miles in about 6 months as a result of that, so my overall “pitch count” was very low – however, I ran about 1 mile too many that day (old shoes, learn from my mistake!!!) and blew it. Had it been a 8k, I would have been fine. My bones just couldn’t handle the incessant pounding and at one point a disconutity occured in the “fatigue level” and it broke.
Eugeniooooooo!!!!
by FairweatherFan on Jun 25, 2008 4:36 PM PDT up reply actions
For all you Facebookin' Yabu Lovers
I just discovered a group called “YAAHHH TRICK YABU” on FB. Pretty Sick.
33-44.... But 23-8 when Timmy/Dirty pitch. 10-35 otherwise. 0-1 in games determined by BS calls.
Adopted Giant: Daryl Maday - 0.95 WHIP for GreenJackets...bonafide fat white guy
OT, sort of: Is pitching different?
People always talk about total pitch count, but one thing I’m curious about is the non-game pitches.
In between innings, a pitcher throws x number of pitches, and before the start, a starter will throw y number of warmup tosses. In between starts, a pitcher throws a bullpen session (two, depending on the system), where they throw z number of pitches.
In the reasonably good ol’ days, Juan Marichal would throw over 200 pitches in a game. Did he throw as many non-game pitches before and during his starts? And what about bullpen sessions?
Additionally, have delivery mechanics changed over the years? Do pitchers today use a different delivery style for their various pitches in order to gain additional velocity/movement, but that damages their bodies more? Looking at old footage, it always seems like the speed of the game in say the 50’s was rather slower than it is today. Were pitchers throwing 95MPH back in the 30’s, or were they throwing substantially slower, possibly making the wear on the body/arm less?
What this all boils down to is, has pitching changed over the years to where it’s harder on the body now than it was when pitchers regularly threw complete games or went extra innings?
"He called the sh** POOP!" -- Adam Sandler
I think it is safe to assume
That as training and knowledge about performance has increased over the years, people have learned how to perform closer to their limits.
As a result they are more likely to hurt themselves.
I’ve always maintained that if you could somehow reincarnate Babe ruth and plop him down in MLB today, he would look like Brian Bocock at the plate.
Video of the “early” game makes it pretty clear – to me – that it was a much slower paced much less physically rigorous game.
Most players who ever make it to the majors today have devoted their entire adult life to training and practicing. It is ludicrous to think a group of guys who only played occasionally as a second job 70 – 80 years ago were performing at the same level.
Eugeniooooooo!!!!
by FairweatherFan on Jun 25, 2008 4:27 PM PDT up reply actions
The problem
The problem with pitch counts is that no one really knows what the impact of throwing a lot of pitches is on a young (or old) pitcher’s arm. Not only that, it appears to affect different pitchers differently—and the effect of high-pitch innings may be greater than the effect of total pitches in games involving non-stress innings.
How much does the time between innings affect things? I suspect that had a fair amount to do with Tim Lincecum’s problems after a very strong start on Sunday.
The bottom line to me would seem to be that Grant is right. How the heck do we KNOW what the effect of high pitch count is? That is true to some extent without a single game, but the worrisome aspect is the extent of damage high pitch counts can do over the long haul.
Is it coincidence that while Barry Zito has remained about as healthy as any pitcher in history, he has pitched poorly with the Giants after throwing the second-most pitches behind only Livan Hernandez in the six years prior to being signed by theGiants? Was it coincidence that after a career of GREAT Septembers, Barry fell off badly his last two Septembers with the A’s?
I don’t think we really know the answers to those questions.
A year ago I believe Tim Lincecum could pitch every fifth day, handle high pitch counts frequently (as he did in college) and pitch relief in between starts on his normal day to throw between starts. I’m still not sure he couldn’t do so, but what if it affected his arm and shortened his career? Would it make sense to slay the goose that lays the golden eggs?
Here is what I CAN tell you about Tim. As great as he has been, he needs to improve in two areas:
First, he needs to throw more first-pitch strikes. Tim has thrown 229 first pitch strikes on 424 first pitches (54%). In those at bats, hitters have posted only a .575 OPS against him. After his 195 first pitch balls, hitters have improved their OPS to .758, or just slightly above the major-league average.
In other words, when Tim misses with his first pitch, he is just average. When his first pitch is a strike, he is better than Walter Johnson.
Second, Tim needs to get more leadoff batters out. He has retired 58 of the 105 leadoff batters in the 105 innings he had started this season. His ERA in such situations is only 1.24. But 47 have gotten on, an OBP of .448. And Tim’s average in the innings in which the leadoff batter reaches soarst to 4.79.
Tim has such great stuff that all he has to do to be nearly untouchable is throw first-pitch strikes and retire the first batter of the inning. It’s not that simple, of course, but it is if you’re Tim.
Oh, and those first-pitch strikes and retired leadoff batters lead to fewer pitches per inning, which means the Giants won’t have to test the unchartered waters of high pitch counts to get plenty of innings from Tim.
Incidentally, the season isn’t yet half over, and Tim has exceeded 100 innings. He is on pace to easily exceed 200 innings for the first time. Last season’s 177 innnings between Fresno and SF was his previous high. IIRC, Tim threw 164 innings in 2006 including college, the minors and one seven-inning playoff start for San Jose.
Surprisingly, Tim has thrown slightly more pitches this season than has Matt Cain. And by throwing fewer pitches per inning, Tim is slightly ahead of Matt in innings pitched, 102.2 to 100.1.
I’m pretty sure Tim’s 21.4 pitches per inning in his Sunday start was his worst of the season. I believe his first appearance of the season, that weird rain relief appearance, was the only other outing in which he averaged as many as 20 pitches per inning.
That night his stint was interrupted by rain, and his long, long wait between innings in his start Sunday also seemed to disrupt his rhythm. Then again, just how much rhythm do white guys have, anyway? :)
Dammit
I deleted my post. Long story short, I think that real-time fatigue evaluation and historical performance should have more to do with determining when a pitcher is “done” vs raw pitch count vrs. some magical # (IE 100). Everyones body is made up differently (and pitchers all deliver the ball different, with different stresses on their bodies), and imo it is asinine to think that David Wells is going to stress his body at the same rate as Tim Lincecum. Which one can last longer, I don’t know…
The data posted by Grant certainly suggests that none of our three arms is very good after the 6th inning. If bullpen options are better statistically and the guy isnt having a super dominant (IE, outlier) day, then he should probably come out after the 6th or 7th regardless of situation.
Eugeniooooooo!!!!
by FairweatherFan on Jun 25, 2008 4:51 PM PDT up reply actions
Here is what I CAN tell you about Tim. As great as he has been, he needs to improve in two areas:
I laughed when I read this, because I totally knew what the rest of the comment is going to look like.
..so allow me to present Tim Lincecum and Matt Cain as two sweet, sweet bottles of warming hooch.
It took you that long?
My Dave Righetti is better than your Dave Righetti.
by howtheyscored on Jun 26, 2008 2:28 AM PDT up reply actions
You're right
You’re right, I should have known what the comment is going to look like when I saw the subject and the first couple of words are the same.:)
..so allow me to present Tim Lincecum and Matt Cain as two sweet, sweet bottles of warming hooch.
Absolutely. Most of sharksrog’s comments are.
..so allow me to present Tim Lincecum and Matt Cain as two sweet, sweet bottles of warming hooch.
Thanks.
Thanks, Cookyman. Have I told you you’re really not that cooky? Have I asked you to lend me a comb?
Somewhat faulty logic
The sample sizes in the later innings aren’t large enough to give an accurate portrayal as to how well they might do. We’ve all seen this happen before: A pitcher has a good outing but has somewhat of high pitch count working against (supposedly) them. The managers trots him out to the mound and the pitcher gives up a hit or walks a guy. It’s entirely possible that the hitter reaching base was a complete aberration and the pitcher would then retire the next 9 batters in a row.
The problem arises when the pitcher is pulled after the first batter which almost always happens when the pitch count is high when the pitcher starts the inning. If the pitcher gives up just 1 hit then is pulled the average against is going to be a freakishly higher.
yeah, this might be a manager thing. Bochy believing in the one mistake and then pull the young guy, may be adversely effecting their 7-9 avgs in comparison with those other dudes. Combined with the tiny samples for Sancaicum and the other dudes (only Zambi has over 50 ABs against) that small difference in “pull him after a hit/BB against”-rule might be causing this foible.
Castillo hits doubles.
Did you really use the word micturations? Awesome
It is an odd thing. Perhaps it could be because of how they are babied. If they were allowed to stretch out more they wouldn’t cap out so soon.
I really don’t think allowing pitchers to throw 140 pitches is that big a deal. Slowly work them up to that level and they will stay stronger throughout the game.
Part of the problem with doing this is the heavy reliance on the bullpen nowadays. If anything, pitchers are healthier now than in the past. The only real difference is more bullpen specialists that come in earlier. This saves the starter from having to go as deep into a game.
by positiveuphemism on Jun 25, 2008 9:30 PM PDT reply actions

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